Orthopedic manikin chart



Nov. 19, 1929. G. B. EMERSON ORTHOPEDIC MANIKINpHART 7 Filed June 1.1926 zigz- Patented Nov. 119, 192% G ORG BERRY EMERSON, or EEmironr,MAs'sAcHosErrs v ORTHOPEDIC MAEIKI'N CHART.

' Applieati on filed il'une 1, 1926. Serial No. 112,853.

My invention relates to problems of corrective orthopedics andparticularly to the field of supervised physical culture and moreparticularly may be stated as having reference to the correction ofposture. V

While my invention is variously applicable and may be variously usedand. practiced in its most general aspects, I shall for the purposes ofthe presentinvention discuss it in its relation to themore specificfield of posture inasmuch as the factors therein involved will bereadily interpreted by those skilled in physical welfare, but alsobecause as interpreted in terms of posture my invention becomesmorereadily appreciated by the general public.

In considering my invention 1 will first discussit in relation to meansof interpreting tothe individual those physical defects which system isintended to overcome as will be later described. As the former phase ofmy'invention is capable'if illustration I have shown it in theaccompanying drawings partly as to structure and partly in diagrammaticoutline. l V

-, Throughout the specification and drawings like reference characters)are employed to indicate corresponding "parts, and in the drawings: l

manikinin correct posture.

"Fig. 2 is a similar-view showing an incorrect posture. V j

Figs. 3 and 4' are similar views showing other postures. i I V v Fig. 5is a rear view ot the device. --Fig..6'a sectional view of: the same. I

- Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic indication of the normal posture of vitalorgans of the human body, and

Fig. 8 asimilar view of the'same in an abnormal or deformcd position Thedevice shown in the accompanying drawings consists of a chart member orbackground 1 graduated 1n vertlcal hens 2 run-- ning vertically of thechart and on each side .7 of a central space 3. Transversely offthechart are a series of lines 4 which may be termed head lines, anotherseries bracketed Fig. 1 is a view ofan anatomical manikin': chart inaccordance w1th my lnventlon with as at 5 which may be termed chestlines, a

third series indicated at 6 which definethe abdominal region, and afourth series indicated at 7 indicating theknee series. The

central region 3 is provided with an elon gated slot 8 disposed in thegeneral region of the upper chest adapted to receive a pivot pin 9 whichhas a-position in the assembled figure of manikin corresponding with theseventh cervical. The manikin figure comprises ahead member 10 having achest por-- tion 10?, a trunk member 11 which is pivoted vided with ashankorha'ndle' 9 the jointbeing'heldtight by a washer'9 'which againstthe rear of the plate 1. f

Ybears I 'When the figure is mounted on the back ground 1 and thehandle" 9 gr'a sped by theq operator, the manikin'can bebrought into aperfectly erect position so to representa standing I figure in. properattitude, lying within thevertical grad'uations 2- and'eXtending' up tothe uppermostgraduations 4 at the head'aiid with the feet adjacentthelow} 'ermost'line of the chart." V

. By turning. the handle 9 and by'raisingv or."v

lowering the pivot 9 the slot 8 the manik'iny'; may be made to assumeany one o f a large I number 'of characteristicpostures: few

of these postures areindicated in Figs. 2; .13 a

and 4. The posture in Fig. lis "anorma'l posture.

I In Fig. 2 the manikin" posture indicates.

characteristic of lordosis oranterior'curvaceroptosis,' while in Fig. 4"the posture is one,

ture of thespinep'f e e The degree ofdeformityin each one of thesepostures isindicated by the overlap of the manikin on the vertical orhorizontal chart lines,'so that both lateral-deformity) p and verticaldisplacement can-be observed:

and notedin scale.

According to y'i e hodthe pasture bf the individual to'be'worked withisanaly'z'edby the medical or physical director and the manikin broughtto a corresponding posture where the graduations on the chart can benoted and recorded. This does two things in that it provides a basis ofmeasurement and study and visualizes for the patient that which he mustovercome.

It Will be noted that the pivot 9 is connected I to the head member 10which has in its lower part an upper chest portion 10 In turning thepivot9 the position of the headis notonly changed but the position ofthe chest area 10 relative to the upper, part of the body por-- tion 11is shifted. i e

In a similar manner I extend the upper leg member 12 to c-arry'anabdominal extension '12 which is displaceable relative to the lower partof the body portion 11 to. show visceroptosi's or saggingof the viscera.This is not only important in thematter of appearance but is of vitalhealth importance. For example, this deformity is productive of thatmost common of human ailments, viz, consti'patio'n. p

,I have illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 7 and '8 the generalpositions of the viscera in relation to the diaphragm in nor- 7 malposture (Fig. 7 and an exaggerated deformed-posture, as in Fig. 8. InFig. 7 it will be seen-that'the diaphragm D is dome shaped beingmechanically a double arch which not only supports the heart and lungs,

but supports the whole upper chest region providing freedom for heartand lungs. In

,this connection, it will be notedfthat it has a mechanical relation tothe spine together with, the neck' in relation to it as a bodily 7super-structure, and is of the highest importance not only tophysicalwelfare, but to the disorders arising therefrom.

' The lmmediate. and. is thecompression or distortion of the -in.; Itestines',]wi-th the resultantldisordersusually:

higher functions of man.

Considered from below, the diaphragm has anotherpimportantjfunctionj inthat it provides av dome or support over the visceraonwhich life andhealth. is'so dependent. In

'- this phase of our, consideration attentionis 'calledto Fig.8 in"which thediaphragm D. is shown rather in an exaggerated collapsedposition; Insucha position the liver B and, stomach S are permitted tosag,- pressing; downward on the transverse colon C and ultimatelybringing pressure to bear on the intestines generally.

known as constipationand with the indirect I In my corrective methodnay, without going intodetail, pointout that it baseduponf musculardevelopment, first in the diaphragm muscles and in those'associatedwith. the diaphragm, as constituting supports and control -for thediaphragm arches or dome. Second, it contemplates result of this;

of dan with these difficulties through the diaphragm I,

those muscles which support and control the arch foundations andsuper-structure, if we may consider these anatomical elements asmechanical.

In this connection the abdominal muscles, such'as externaland internaloblique and the trans-versalis quadratus lumborum and erect or spinal asI- also call attention to the contributing to the basic support of thediaphragm. I .have devised certain exercises developed in "detail in mypostural series above referred to, it is probably not necessary for meto go into detail as I, believe that I have herein indicated sufficientof the gen eral principles involved to coverbroadly that portion ofmyinvention.

'Referring again to the drawingsand'this time to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive,the relation of my method and apparatus will be more apparent. In mymanikin chart the. adjust: ments provided produce observablecharacteristic displacements of certain "anatomical parts relative tocertain other parts so as to;

be visibly notable and "capable-of observation andrecord. In thisconnection Ifcall attention to the movements of that portion of the headmember which Ihave indioated as 10' and that portionof the'leg memberwhich I have indicated at1'2 The result of de formity of postureis:ShOWIL'by the'la'ckf-o'f coincidence of these parts with the correspending parts of the trunk member 11.

Referring to :Fig. 2 'i't'will be seen that the;

rear portion of the area 10 has begun to over-.

lap the upperdorsal region so thatth-e mar ginalline which in Fig. 1just comes into contact with the first vertical ruling of the chart, hasin Fig. 2 overlapped the chartito contact with the third graduationwhich represents an upper dorsal deformity or kyphosis. This in the caseof. an}average size patient in this posture represents a deformity ofthree inches. f 1 1.

In Fig. 3 the upper portion 12 of the leg member represents theabdominal region and in this figure the abdominaldisplacementcorresponds to' the position ofth'e organs as indicated in Fig. 8'. Itwill'be noted inFig.

3 that the resultant forwardthrust of thcj v hips in an effort toproduce support gain;

balance, have resultedin a displacement from the normal shown in Fig. 1to a degree indicated on the chart of some nine inches In each-caseshown in these two figures, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it will be seen that thedia 5 phragm region as shown by the displacement of the lower part ofthe region has slumped and that'the distortion of the silhouette outlineis the result of that slump or depression of the diaphragm arches.

10 I note particularly, in order to'avoid false impression, that theactual anatomical con- I call particular attention to this featurebecause in my system ofcorrective exercise I control posture by thediaphragm and by the readjustment of the abnormal spinal curves tonormal position. This readjustment of the body structure restores themechanical balance or inter-relation of the parts which have beendesigned by nature in accordance with physical laws.

In the manikin the cervical pivot 9 makes a convenient point ofadjustment to swing the lower edge of the chest portion 10 This movementcorresponds with that produced by the tightening of the diaphragm whichelevates the chest to normal position while at the sametime relievingencroachment upon the viscera. V I

The leg posture both as to hip and as to knee will be found in such amanikin to follow almost automatically the given or adjusted position ofthe chest; While the fig-' urc shown may be considered in general to bea male silhouette it will indicate to those of the female silhouette.

V In presenting my invention for patent I dee sire to disclaim anyintention of unreasonpractice of my system of exercise. In indicating myposition, however, I am compelled to reserve to myself all rights inre-' 7 to the methods involved in analysis and in: my

exercises as developed by me.

As regards theseI desire to retain reasonable control in order to makesure that the served in practice and where I have provided materialequipment to'assuremyself reasonable control and recompense for suchdevices or publications asI may make. I have made this statement infiling my application so that ably restricting or limiting the teachingand gard to the mechanical devicesfcharts'and features of my inventionare faithfully pre-' derstood.

The device shown'iand described is capable ofI'a-great variety ofmanipulations and can be made to indicate with veryconsiderable accuracya large variety ofpostures oncombined postures. Nhere desired a seriesof manikins may be provided showing. average male and female figures forchildhood, youth and middle age, as my. corrective system con templatesa reclaiming of normal posture at ages even beyond thoseusually'considered as subject to corrective methods. As above explained,the form of my invention and the practice of or exercises under mymethod as suggested are to be taken herein as illustrative except aswhere features are specifically claimed and all modifications andvariants are l to be considered as within the purview ofmy I invention.I What I therefore claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I

1. In an apparatus for posture analysis, a base having averticallyelongated opening, an articulated manikin, a support projectedthrough said opening and rotatable and slidable therein, and chartedareas adjacent the contour of the manikin for the analysis ofmanipulated postural deformities of the ar ticulations of the manikin.

2. In an apparatus of the class described,

an articulatedmanikin including a body member, a head and chest memberpivoted to said body member, an upper leg member having an abdominalportion formed at the upper end therefor andpivoted to the body memberat the region of the hip jointindependently of the pivoting of said headand chest member, and a charted support for saidmanikin having referencelines for'vertical and lateral displacement.

H 3. In apparatus for posture analysis, an" articulated figure having aleg-portion p1:o-

vided'with'an abdominal part projectable into positions representativeof postural deformities.

4. In apparatus for. posture analysis, a charted'background, and anarticulated figure having a leg portion provided with an abdominalpartprojectablelrelative to said back- 5 positions representative of ground'into postural deformities. v v 5. In apparatus for, postureanalysis,ian articulatedmanikin including a head and chest member, abody member pivoted thereto, and aleg member'pivoted to said body'member and having an abdominal part, said.

head and chest member and said abdominal part being independently andselectivelyprm jectableinto positions representative '--of postural"deformities. i

6.-In apparatus for postureanalysisg a charted background, anarticulated manikin including ahead and chest member, a body "memberpivoted thereto, and a leg member pivoted to said body ine'mber and.having an abdominal part said head. and chest membef and said abdominalpart being independently and selectively projectable relative to. said.charted background intoiposition's re'presahtative of posturaldeformities; v

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

GEORGE BERRY EMERSON.

so I

